| No map is drawn for the 18th
century because the detail would be conjectural. Beighton's 'Mapp' of
Warwickshire (1725) shows the bounding features of Yardley since the manor
is largely surrounded by his county, and also the crossing highways with
their intersections. It is possible to draw a road-plan based on these and
known dwelling-sites, but a century later the Ordnance Survey fills in all
the blanks and probably shows the Georgian scene largely unchanged. The
Coventry Road was turnpiked in 1745, but three decades later William Hutton
said of it that it was 'exceeding bad, even dangerous, only to be compared
with the Dudley Road' - which he called 'despicable beyond description' ! No
wonder that the Stratford Road was then the preferred road to London. The
Coventry Road's line was chosen for the Turnpike, despite the awesome gorge
on Red Hill, because it avoided a number of villages, including Yardley and
Sheldon. There was probably a tollgate at Hay Mill Bridge - tolls were still
being taken there eighty years ago: others were at Small Heath and Sheldon.
The road was to remain barely usable - in good weather - until Thomas
Telford's work in the 1800s when the Red Hill holloway was abandoned. It
could still be seen beside the highway west of Waterloo Road until a few
years ago. Villas next to Ada Road had their cellars built in it. The
increase of buildings along Church Road north and south of the church gave
it the character of a straggling street village. Bad communications and poor
water supply ensured that it would never prosper. In this period an
enterprising carter began to supply fresh water. The service was so popular
that when his horse died the parish bought him another, and when he died his
wife was persuaded to take over. A strange happening in 1772 was an
earthquake, a very minor earth tremor which shook Church End houses and
startled sheep. By then there were 24 tile-works in Yardley, most of them in
the Quarter and Greet, producing 150,000 tiles annually and large numbers of
bricks. Transport was the problem, and this was to be solved when the
Birmingham and Warwick Canal was cut through the Stockfield ridge in the
1790s. Coal came to the wharf off Yardley Road, providing cheaper fuel for
hearth and kiln - it had previously been brought by cart from Wednesbury at
great cost - and also a better means of moving baked clay products to
Birmingham and elsewhere. Though not in Church End the canal was a blessing
to its inhabitants as to those nearer, especially when flyboats began to ply
- at 10 mph - between Stockfield and Camp Hill. Of course the towpath, like
the Turnpike, proved to be a highway for criminals. Aris's Gazette printed
frequent warnings to poachers, offers of rewards for information leading to
arrest, and accounts of armed attacks on Yardley houses. Shutters on windows
were not mere decoration in those days!
Known buildings of the period are Cole Hall, Lea Hall ('a large modern
house' in 1767), the Talbot Inn, and the Workhouse (1787). The last stood on
the Coventry Road at Holder Road (opposite corner to the police station) and
was in use until Solihull Union Workhouse opened in 1839. It was then
converted into a tenement, and lasted into this century. So few of the farms
and mansions known from map and record have been drawn or photographed that
their building period cannot be determined, but doubtless many were
Georgian, like those at the south end of the village.
Cole Hall with ninety acres, Lea Hall and Bloomers (The Lea) Farm
together with 170 acres were characteristic of the Church End farms. The
original two great fields were still in strips though no longer farmed
'according to the custom of the manor'. Riddings and the Lea Fields were
enclosed. There were allotment patches in the Quarter: Hutton used to walk
from Saltley to put in two hours work on his plot before breakfast! Matthew
Boulton owned Walters Farm. He sold it to the Vicar of Yardley, so that it
was thenceforth known as Glebe Farm. If the moat site had not already been
abandoned. it was when the late Georgian farmhouse was built. There were
still a few stands of timber in Church End, oaks and ashes, on offer.
Whether they were the last surviving clumps of primeval forest left as game
preserves or new plantations from Tudor times we cannot now tell.
Introduction
Preface
Geology and natural vegetation, and relief and
drainage
The foundation of Yardley, and Boundaries
Old names, and old roads
Norman to medieval times, and St. Edburgha's church
Owners of Yardley
Old buildings
Open fields, and Tudor and Stuart times
The river Cole
Georgian times
The nineteenth century
Churches and schools
The twentieth century
Thirty-five years, and Principal sources
Maps |